Know Before You Go: Dining in Rome Like a Local

You’ll come across a few names for places to eat in Italy, and much like a diner, a restaurant, and a café, each dining establishment provides a different experience. While they all offer the same sit-down service, the differences between each place to eat are as follows:

• Ristorante: Usually upscale in nature, ristorantes showcase Roman high cuisine. Think: formal service, innovative menus, and, if you’re so inclined, a Michelin star or two.

• Trattoria: A less formal and less expensive option, trattorias are typically what come to mind when we think of eating out in Rome. Elevating Roman cuisine while retaining its renowned simplicity, the trattoria offers a postcard-worthy Italian dining experience.

• Osteria: Traditionally a wine bar, the humble osteria has since evolved into a laid-back dining experience in Rome. Small plates of simple food to share are typically on the menu, making osterias great for trying local Roman delicacies as you explore Rome’s top sights.

Finally, there’s another foodie establishment that you won't want to skip in Rome: the pasticceria. Serving Rome’s best pastries and baked goods, a pasticceria is the perfect place to try a sweet cornetto (croissant) or the renowned maritozzo (cream-filled brioche bun).

An Italian menu can appear completely overwhelming. Primi, secondi, cortorni, and dolce can make a meal seem never-ending. Luckily, you can pick and choose which courses you want, or you can spend a leisurely few hours enjoying them all; dining in Rome is all about doing it your way.

If you’re feeling a little daunted by what each course entails, here’s our cheat sheet for an Italian menu:

• Antipasti: Antipasti consists of small dishes that can be shared or enjoyed as an amuse-bouche-style plate. Anchovies, olives, artichokes, and cheese are typical Roman antipasti.
• Primi: Primi means "first" in Italian. It's not quite a starter, yet not quite a main, primi dishes are usually pasta, rice, or soup.
• Secondi: Secondi means "second" in Italian and usually consists of meat or fish dishes. Secondi is sometimes split into pesce (fish) and carne (meat) courses, with fish being served before meat.
• Cortorni: Not a course as such, cortorni means "side dish" and usually makes up the vegetable side dishes to accompany your secondi.
• Dolce: Simply translated as “sweet,” dolce is the dessert course.
• Digestivo: An after-dinner drink to settle the stomach, digestivo is the ideal way to end your Italian meal.

Looking at a menu, you might think Romans never stop eating. However, the locals rarely eat a full 5- or 6-course meal. So, how do you dine like a local in Rome? An antipasto and a primo or secondo will usually suffice as a meal, or skip the antipasto and save space for your favorite dolce instead.

If you’re looking to eat light in Italy, Milanese food writer Sara Porro advises ordering “two antipasti, since the antipasto is generally a small portion. Or ask for a mezzo porzione (half portion), which normally costs anywhere from 50–75 percent of a regular serving.”

Now that you understand the menu, it’s time to decide what to eat in Rome. Each Italian region has its own delicacies, and Rome is no exception, from world-renowned pasta sauces to humble vegetable dishes. One of the best things to do in Rome is take a cooking class to get a true appreciation for Italian food, but if you’re dining out, these are the city's four iconic pasta dishes that you won't want to skip:

• Cacio e pepe: Now world-famous, cacio e pepe is a simple pasta sauce made by tossing a mix of pecorino Romano and parmigiano reggiano cheese with pasta water over freshly cooked spaghetti. It's then seasoned generously with freshly cracked black pepper.
• Pasta alla Gricia: The addition of guanciale (salt-cured pig cheek) to cacio e pepe makes pasta alla Gricia a rich and coveted Roman pasta dish.
• Carbonara: Unlike the cream-laden versions found in the US and UK, traditional pasta alla carbonara is simply made with a sauce of egg yolk, which cooks as it's added to the hot pasta, fried guanciale, and Pecorino Romano cheese.
• all’Amatriciana: Traditionally, this sauce comes from Amatrice in Lazio, but has long been a staple of Roman cuisine. The addition of passata sauce to the alla Gricia base makes this dish less creamy, but utterly irresistible.

There are also two types of Roman artichoke-forward dishes worth trying. Enjoyed across Italy, the carciofi (artichoke) has become a must-try dish when visiting Rome. Prepared two ways, try both before you leave the Eternal City.

• Carciofi alla guida: Hailing from the Jewish ghetto, carciofi alla guida is a crispy fried artichoke with a meltingly soft center.
• Carciofi alla Romana: A softer, more yielding dish, carciofi alla Romana is an enticing, pan-braised artichoke often flavored with garlic.

Of course, you must also sample a traditional Roman dessert. The maritozzo is a can’t-miss treat when visiting the Italian capital. Originally made by Roman wives for their laborer husbands ("maritozzo" translates to husband in English), this sweet bun is filled with enough rich cream to keep you going while you explore Rome’s ancient sights.

Roman locals tend to work long hours, pushing dinner back until roughly 8pm. Although this is fairly common across Southern Europe, it might take getting used to for some, especially if you're from the US. Whether at a chic trattoria or innovative ristorante, dinner is often the main event of the evening, and it’s not uncommon to see locals dining through midnight. However, if you’re only ordering an antipasto and a pasta dish, you’ll probably be finished at a more respectable hour.

Insider tip: If you’re finding yourself far too hungry for dinner at 8pm, then fear not. The clever Italians often indulge in a post-work, pre-dinner aperitivo. You could compare the tradition of aperitivo with happy hour; however, in classic Italian style, the joy of aperitivo is centered around food and community.

If you’re on a kid-friendly adventure in Italy, you’ll want to know that they’re also well-catered for. In true Italian style, Roman restaurant staff treat every meal like a family affair. Children are always welcome at the table, so the staff are usually very accommodating to young guests and can help you choose the best dishes for kids to try. Most restaurants in Rome don’t provide a kids' menu, so if size matters, ask for a mezzo porzione (half portion). Parents of kids with particular preferences need to simply ask for pasta bianca (plain pasta).

Related: Top Things to Do in Rome with Kids

The dress code in Italy tends to be a bit more formal than in many other countries, and this extends to dining out at restaurants. You’ll rarely see Italian diners in sportswear or very casual clothing, so opt to dress up rather than down if you want to blend in with the locals. For men, nice jeans and ironed, spotless bermuda shorts paired with a plain T-shirt or polo are fine for casual trattorias; button-down shirts with chinos and loafers are the standard for fine-dining restaurants. Women can choose crisply ironed jeans and tops for a pizzeria, or dressier skirts or dresses for an elegant lunch or dinner out.

Though Italy does have laws that require a certain standard of accessibility for restaurants and other businesses, historic buildings are generally exempt. Many of the restaurants in Italy’s capital city are located in palazzi that date back to the Renaissance (or earlier) and have architectural barriers that are protected as historic sites, so are not accessible to wheelchairs. Outdoor dining is very popular in Rome, however, so you can always opt for a street-side table that’s easier to reach with a wheelchair. Contact the restaurant in advance for detailed accessibility information and to request outside seating, if necessary.

• Should you tip your waiter in Rome? An eternal debate among travelers—when and how much to tip—can often make the end of a meal awkward. Luckily, Rome, true to nature, keeps this custom simple. The general rule is that you don’t have to tip in Roman restaurants. However, you might still be impressed by the service and want to leave a small tip. Roman locals will often leave a few Euros on a table when leaving a restaurant, which can be a good way to shed those pesky coins before you head home. In a high-end ristorante, you might want to add 10 percent to your bill for exceptional service, but there’s no obligation here either.

• What are cover charges on my bill? One thing to note on your bill is the coperto, or cover charge, you find on the check that jumps the price up. Often listed as pane (bread) or servizio (service), this is not a built-in tip but rather a per-person service charge that covers the cost of bread, place settings, table service, and other unquantifiable aspects of the hospitality. Even if you don’t eat the bread (or ask for the bread to be removed from the table), the sitting charge will still be included.

• What's the best way to enjoy an aperitivo in Rome? Best enjoyed with friends or family, you can enjoy an authentic aperitivo by grabbing a table at any of the bars or trattorias surrounding the piazzas at around 6.30pm. Let your waiter know you’re there for aperitivo and small snacks such as olives, cured meats, fresh bread, and cheese will be served alongside your choice of drink. For a true taste of Italy, choose an Aperol spritz or Campari soda, then sit back and do what Romans do best: Enjoy la dolce vita and watch the world go by.