Skip to main content
Discover
Top Kansai activities
Explore by category
Airport & Hotel Transfers
Motorcycle Tours
Tickets & Passes
Port Transfers
Bike Tours
Mountain Bike Tours
Shore Excursions
Private Drivers
4WD Tours
Sightseeing Passes
All categories
Similar categories
City Tours
Hop on Hop Off Buses
Night Tours
Observation Decks
Private Sightseeing Tours
Sightseeing Cruises
Sightseeing Passes
Skip the line Tickets
Skyscrapers & Towers
Cruises & Sailing
How to Get Around
Private and Luxury
Explore Kansai tours
Kyoto Prefecture Tours
Osaka Prefecture Tours
Nara Prefecture Tours
Hyogo Prefecture Tours
Wakayama Prefecture Tours
Shiga Prefecture Tours
Top Kansai landmarks
Top Kansai landmark tickets
Gion Corner tickets
Fushimi Inari Shrine (Fushimi Inari Taisha) tickets
Dotonbori tickets
Fushimi Inari Shrine (Fushimi Inari Taisha) tickets
Arashiyama Park tickets
Gion Corner tickets
Kuromon Ichiba Market tickets
Pontocho Alley tickets
Togetsu-kyo Bridge tickets
Kiyomizu-dera Temple tickets
Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion) tickets
Osaka Castle (Osaka-jo) tickets
Beyond Kansai
Tours in nearby places
Okayama Prefecture Tours
Mie Prefecture Tours
Aichi Prefecture Tours
Ishikawa Prefecture Tours
Kochi Prefecture Tours
Gifu Prefecture Tours
Shizuoka Prefecture Tours
Explore Japan tours
Kanto Tours
Okinawa Tours
Hokkaido Tours
Kanagawa Prefecture Tours
Hiroshima Prefecture Tours
Saitama Prefecture Tours
Kochi Prefecture Tours
Chubu Tours
Fukuoka Prefecture Tours
Chiba Prefecture Tours
Ehime Prefecture Tours
Nagasaki Prefecture Tours
All popular tours in<br/>Japan
Tours in similar places
Okayama Prefecture Tours
Kagoshima Prefecture Tours
Namba Tours
Nara Tours
Oita Tours
Kochi Tours
Izumisano Tours
Osaka Tours
Kansai trip ideas
Top 15 things to do in ...
Kansai
Japan
Okayama Prefecture
Mie Prefecture
Aichi Prefecture
Ishikawa Prefecture
Kochi Prefecture
Gifu Prefecture
Shizuoka Prefecture
Kanto
Okinawa
Hokkaido
Home
Things to do in Japan
Things to do in Kansai
Kansai Tours
Tours, Sightseeing & Cruises
Sightseeing Tours
Adventure Tours
Top Kansai Adventure Tours - page 3
Select Dates
Filters
Adventure Tours
Sightseeing Tours
Tours, Sightseeing & Cruises
How to Get Around
Tours by Duration
Private and Luxury
Outdoor Activities
Bus Tours
Full-day Tours
Private Sightseeing Tours
85 results
Escape the bustle of Kyoto and journey north to Japan’s scenic coastline. Perfect for nature lovers, culture seekers, and travelers craving slower rhythms, the route blends one of Japan’s Three Scenic Views, a rare seaside village, and dramatic coastal landscapes. Great for those who want to experience rural Japan’s beauty and culture.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
T71D Amazing Views of Amanohashidate & Ine Funaya Bus Tour
8 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$220
This is not a checklist sightseeing ride. It is a local Kyoto e-bike experience through Higashiyama temples and hidden alleys, guided by someone who rides these streets every day. We start with bike fitting and a clear safety briefing, then ride from the Imperial Palace area along the Kamo River and into Higashiyama. At Nashinoki Shrine, you collect fresh spring water like locals do—your reusable bottle is a gift and becomes your drinking water for the ride. At Shimogamo Shrine, we do the famous water omikuji (included): dip the paper in water and the message appears, a clever tradition and a fun test of luck. We then visit the quiet Honenin area, continue to iconic Nanzenji, and finish at Heian Shrine. We avoid busy main roads when possible and adjust the route to match crowds and conditions, keeping the ride smooth, safe, and memorable. If you want Kyoto that feels lived-in and authentic, this ride is for you.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.0
(21)
Kyoto E Bike Tour Higashiyama Temples Hidden Alleys
4 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$58
Likely to Sell Out
Embark on an unforgettable journey through Kyoto and Nara, beginning at the iconic Kinkakuji Temple, a golden masterpiece reflected in serene ponds, before exploring the scenic beauty of Arashiyama with its tranquil bamboo groves and panoramic views from the Togetsukyo Bridge. Continue to the mesmerizing Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine, where thousands of vibrant torii gates create a tunnel-like pathway. In Nara, stroll through Nara Park to encounter friendly free-roaming deer and then visit the majestic Todaiji Temple, home to the world’s largest bronze Buddha statue, offering a perfect blend of cultural wonder, natural beauty, and spiritual heritage.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.3
(3)
Kyoto Arashiyama Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine and Nara Park Tour
9 to 10 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$130
Experience an unforgettable day in Japan with our exclusive tour! Discover the charm of Kyoto, a city that served as Japan's capital and imperial residence from 794 to 1868. Renowned for its historic beauty, Kyoto is home to countless temples, shrines, & priceless structures. Why Choose Us? Customizable Adventures: Tailor your itinerary to fit your interests. Conveniently we pick you up from anywhere in Osaka. Expert guides bring history to life. Exclusive Access to top attractions. Flexible Time window to explore. Highlights Fushimi Inari Shrine: Walk through thousands of iconic red torii gates. Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion): Marvel at the shimmering gold leaf exterior. Kiyomizu-dera Temple: Enjoy breathtaking views from this hilltop temple. Arashiyama Bamboo Grove: Wander through serene bamboo forests. Gion District: Experience the charm of Kyoto's traditional geisha area. Join us for a day filled with history, culture, and the timeless beauty of Kyoto. Book your personalized tour!
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.2
(6)
Kyoto Highlights Private Tour with Pick and Drop
8 to 10 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$513
Per group
Special Offer
As we traverse through a tunnel, a gentle descent unfolds, revealing the picturesque farming landscape. Crossing over the river and venturing through the woods, you'll encounter intriguing artifacts and captivating scenery, each beckoning to be captured through your lens. With luck on your side, you may even capture a stunning close-up shot of a passing train, at a renowned photography spot cherished by locals. Your cycling guide will expertly navigate the route back to Ikuno Town, unveiling notable points of interest along the way. After reaching our destination, a brief yet enriching walking tour will acquaint you with the charming essence of Ikuno town. Prepare to immerse yourself in a wealth of discoveries and insights.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.0
(7)
Bike tour through old rural Japanese silver mining town
3 to 4 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$92
$116
Price varies by group size
Daily departures. Minimum 1 person. Guaranteed departure on the day of your choice. Avoiding tourist crowds, delving into the northern coastal regions for an alternative Kyoto experience. Amanohashidate Stroll, Splashing in the Sea - "Japan's Venice City" - Ine Funaya Proficient local drivers providing reliable and considerate service, offering an in-depth understanding of Japan's local customs and traditions. Amanohashidate, often called "heavenly bridge," features a stunning sandbar lined with pine trees that stretches across the bay, offering breathtaking views from various vantage points. Ine Funaya is known for its traditional fishing houses built on stilts along the coastline. You can explore this picturesque village, learning about the local fishing culture and enjoying the serene atmosphere. Both sites are steeped in history and folklore, allowing you to connect with Japan’s cultural heritage in a way that feels authentic and immersive.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3.0
(1)
Amanohashidate and Ine Funaya Day Tour from Osaka and Kyoto
9 hours 20 minutes
Free Cancellation
from
$67
This private day tour follows a well-paced route through Kobe, combining waterfront scenery, historic neighborhoods, and mountain views. The journey begins at atoA Aquarium, where visitors can enjoy a creative space that blends marine life with modern art. From there, the tour continues to Kitano Ijinkan-Gai, a historic district known for its Western-style residences from the late 19th century, offering a relaxed stroll through charming hillside streets. Next, enjoy free time at Kobe Harborland, a lively waterfront area ideal for a leisurely walk and photos of the port scenery, with landmarks such as the Kobe Port Tower viewed from the outside. The day concludes with a visit to Mount Rokko, where travelers can take in panoramic views over Kobe and Osaka Bay, weather permitting. With a flexible schedule and comfortable pacing, this tour is ideal for travelers seeking a balanced introduction to Kobe’s culture, scenery, and coastal atmosphere in one day.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.0
(2)
Dreamy Day Trip in Kobe
8 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$109
Likely to Sell Out
Experience the mesmerizing beauty of Kyoto’s northern coast on the Northern Wonders Signature Tour, featuring the iconic Amanohashidate, one of Japan’s top three scenic views, known as the “flying dragon” for its striking pine-covered sandbar. Enjoy a scenic boat ride on Ine Bay, exploring the historic Funaya boathouse village while savoring a complimentary pack of local shrimp delicacies (except for infants under 3). Stroll through Miyama Kayabuki no Sato, a charming village of traditional thatched-roof houses, and admire the serene streets, historic architecture, and local crafts. Discover the Tango Peninsula with its unspoiled beaches, dramatic cliffs, and panoramic coastal vistas, and in winter, enjoy snowy landscapes that add a magical touch to the scenery. This immersive full-day tour combines stunning natural beauty, cultural heritage, and traditional architecture, offering travelers unforgettable photo opportunities and a true taste of Kyoto’s enchanting northern wonders.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
41
Operator reviews
Amanohashidate & Ine Bay Day Tour with Cruise and Miyama Village
9 to 10 hours
from
$114
Embark on a tranquil journey through Kyushu’s cultural and natural gems. Begin at Nyoirinji Temple, also known as the “Frog Temple,” where playful frog statues and a serene atmosphere create a unique spiritual experience. Stroll through Yufuincho Kawakami, a charming town famous for its hot springs, artisanal shops, and relaxing ambiance. Conclude your day at Kinrin Lake, where the meeting of warm and cool waters produces a mystical morning mist, perfect for photography and peaceful reflection. Ideal for travelers seeking culture, tranquility, and scenic beauty, this tour offers a refreshing escape into Japan’s picturesque countryside. Book now and experience the serene charm of Kyushu!
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
18
Operator reviews
Dazaifu, Nyoirinji Temple, Yufuin, Yufuin no Mori Day Tour
8 to 9 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$75
This special adventure offers a perfect blend of sightseeing and authentic experiences in within the cultural city of Kyoto. This isn’t just a tour—it’s an unforgettable journey into Kyoto’s soul. Whether you’re a first-time visitor or a seasoned traveler, join us for an enriching experience that will leave you with lasting memories of the city’s spiritual heart. Book your tour today! The price indicated is for the 6-hour sample itinerary that gives highlights in a day. We can arrange for multiple-day tours, as well as extend our destinations according to the travelers inquiry for additional booking(s) at discounted rates. Please note that this is basically a walking tour, with the use of the private transport to connect to the sightseeing spots that are spread out within Kyoto!
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
18
Operator reviews
Private adventures into the hidden gems of greater Kyoto
6 hours
from
$430
Per group
Likely to Sell Out
Immerse yourself in the beauty, culture, and history of Japan on this unforgettable day tour. Begin your journey at the enchanting Arashiyama Bamboo Forest, where towering bamboo stalks create a serene and magical atmosphere. Visit the iconic Yasaka Shrine, known for its vibrant architecture and spiritual significance. Stroll along Hanamikoji Street in Gion, Kyoto’s historic geisha district, and soak in the charm of traditional wooden townhouses and the possibility of spotting a geisha or maiko. Continue to Nara Park, famous for its free-roaming deer and stunning autumn maple leaves. Enjoy a leisurely walk through the park before heading to the majestic Todaiji Temple, home to the world’s largest bronze Buddha statue and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Enhance your experience with a kimono rental, allowing you to immerse yourself in the traditional beauty of Japanese culture while exploring these iconic landmarks.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
18
Operator reviews
Katsuo-ji, Minoh Falls, Arashiyama Forest Todai-ji Day Tour Osaka
9 to 10 hours
from
$100
Experience an unforgettable day exploring the best locations around Nara with our exclusive tour! Our English-speaking, experienced driver will ensure your journey is smooth and enjoyable. Discover the charm of Nara's attractions with a fully customizable trip. Why Choose Us? Customizable Adventures Convenient Pick-up Expert Guides bring history to life. Exclusive Access to top attractions. Flexible Timing to explore. Highlights: Todai-ji Temple: Home to the Great Buddha statue, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nara Park: Feed and interact with the friendly, free-roaming deer. Kasuga Taisha Shrine: Admire thousands of lanterns in this historic Shinto shrine. Kofuku-ji Temple: Explore this ancient temple with its five-story pagoda. Isuien Garden: Relax in this beautiful traditional Japanese garden. Important Notice: The more exploration of the area is up to you. Join us for a day filled with history, culture, and the timeless beauty of Nara. Book your personalized adventure today!
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3.7
(3)
Nara Private Tour with Pick and Drop and English Speaking Driver
8 to 10 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$513
Per group
You MUST have an International Driving Permit issued in the format of the 1949 Geneva Convention and driving license from your country of origin. EXCEPT for participants with licenses issued in Switzerland, Germany, France, Taiwan, Belgium, or Monaco. In which case you will need a Japanese translation of your license from the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF/Online Application for Japanese Translation) and your own driving license. Failure to bring all required documents will result in cancellation of the tour without the possibility of a refund.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.6
(19)
Official Japan Go-Kart Through Osaka Castle
2 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$64
Likely to Sell Out
Discover the timeless charm of Kyoto on this immersive full-day tour, blending cultural experiences with historical exploration. Begin with an authentic matcha tea ceremony, learning the art of Japanese tea preparation and savoring delicate ceremonial matcha in a serene, traditional setting. Continue your journey to Kyoto’s iconic ancient temples, where you can admire stunning architecture, tranquil gardens, and the spiritual ambiance that has inspired generations. Perfect for culture enthusiasts, history lovers, and photography seekers, this tour offers a deep connection to Japan’s rich heritage and traditions. Book now to experience the elegance and timeless beauty of Kyoto in a single unforgettable day!
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
Operator reviews
Kyoto Kinkakuji Temple, Kiyomizu Temple, Matcha Experience Tour
8 to 9 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$90
Let's enjoy the Showa retro new world on a rickshaw. We will welcome you while taking a lot of guides by knowledgeable Ikuo, gourmet information, fun talks and fashionable photos. Why don't you ride a rickshaw when you come to the New World! We'll be expecting you!
...More
1
2
3
4
5
4.0
(2)
Osaka Rickshaw Tour in New World
10 minutes to 3 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$21
Likely to Sell Out
Discover the timeless charm of Kyoto and Nara on this full-day immersive tour, ideal for families, friends, and culture enthusiasts seeking scenic beauty, history, and unforgettable experiences. Begin your journey aboard the nostalgic Sagano Romantic Train, a vintage railway offering breathtaking views of the Hozugawa River and surrounding landscapes, from cherry blossoms in spring to vibrant autumn foliage. Stroll through the serene Sagano Bamboo Forest Trail, where towering bamboo stalks create a dreamlike and peaceful atmosphere perfect for photos and reflection. Continue to the enchanting Kimono Forest, a colorful display of kimono-clad pillars near Arashiyama Station that illuminates the path with traditional artistry. Then, visit the iconic Fushimi Inari Taisha, home to thousands of vermilion torii gates winding through sacred mountain trails—a must-see symbol of Kyoto’s spiritual heritage.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
Operator reviews
Kyoto & Nara Day Tour with Sagano Scenic Railway from Osaka
8 to 9 hours
from
$84
Naoshima is the main island of a township made up of twenty-seven islands administered by Kagawa Prefecture. The island has a documented history going back to the Heian period, but today it’s known for its contemporary art museums, which draw visitors from all over the world, especially during the Setouchi Triennale art event held every three years in the region. Since the island is part of the Seto Inland Sea National Park, there are strict rules for the visual impact of new buildings, so many of the art museums are built into the ground, creating an interesting aesthetic of their own. ・One day trip from Osaka ・You can enjoy to go around Naoshima island by bicycle (with power-assisted bicycle, e-bike) with Private English Speaking guide.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.3
(6)
Naoshima 1 Day Tour from Osaka
12 to 13 hours
from
$475
Price varies by group size
Discover the timeless beauty of Kyoto and Nara on a guided full-day tour With expert insights, and seamless transportation, you’ll uncover Japan’s cultural treasures in the most enriching way. Cultural Immersion & Expert Guidance Go beyond the surface as your knowledgeable guide shares fascinating stories, spiritual traditions, and historical insights. From Kyoto’s sacred shrines to Nara’s ancient temples. Skip-the-Line & Stress-Free Travel Maximize your day by skipping the crowds at Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine, famous for its thousands of vermilion torii gates. Travel comfortably without the worry of navigating trains and buses, giving you more time to explore and enjoy. Nature, Spirituality & Unique Encounters In Nara Park, meet the friendly deer that symbolize harmony and are considered sacred. Step into the awe-inspiring Todaiji Temple, home to the Great Buddha—the largest bronze Buddha in the world—for a once-in-a-lifetime cultural experience.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3.0
(1)
Kyoto Day Tour to Arashiyama, Fushimi Inari and Nara Deer Park
9 to 10 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$150
Discover Kobe's charm in one day! Our tour starts with a convenient hotel pickup, whisking you to Arima Onsen Town. Immerse yourself in nostalgia as you stroll through quaint streets, enjoy a soothing footbath, and savor local delicacies! Next, explore Kobe’s sake brewery district. Here, you’ll delve into the art of sake production and sample a variety of exquisite sakes, enriching your palate with this quintessential Japanese experience. Our journey continues to Harborland, Kobe’s premier tourist hotspot. Stroll along the stylish, vibrant port area, soaking in picturesque views and the lively atmosphere that makes this city unique. We'll then visit the revered Ikuta Shrine, offering a serene and culturally enriching experience as you explore its sacred grounds. Cap off your day with a luxurious Kobe beef dinner at a top-tier steakhouse. Afterward, we’ll drive you back to your hotel, or you can opt for a train ride home. This customizable tour is tailored to your preferences.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Kobe Delights: Arima Onsen, Sake Breweries & Kobe Beef VIP Tour
9 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$700
Per group
Discover the Best of Wakayama in One Day – From Adorable Cat Encounters to Fresh Seafood and Outlet Shopping! Join us on a delightful day trip from Osaka that blends local culture, food, and fun. Start your journey with a heartwarming visit to the famous Cat Stationmaster at Kishi Station—a must-see for animal lovers and Instagram fans alike. Then, head to the lively Kuroshio Market to witness the thrilling tuna cutting show, where expert chefs skillfully break down a giant tuna right before your eyes. Don’t forget to sample the ultra-fresh sashimi and shop for local specialties. Top off your adventure with three hours of free time at Rinku Premium Outlets, Western Japan’s largest designer outlet mall. With over 200 stores offering top brands at unbeatable prices, it’s the perfect place to shop before heading to the airport or returning to Osaka. Book now for an unforgettable experience in Wakayama!
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
18
Operator reviews
Wakayama Cute Cat and Outlet Shopping Day Tour
9 to 10 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$110
Limited to all 5 days on August 11th~15th! Experience the largest dance festival in Japan, Awa Odori from a paid reserved seating area, enjoy Otsuka Museum of Art. Experience Japan's largest dance festival, Awa Odori The Awa Dance Festival (Awa Odori) is the country's largest dance festival as part of the Obon festival in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Dancers and musicians known as ren parade through the streets accompanied by traditional instruments, wearing obon dance costumes and chanting. "Awa" refers to the old name of Tokushima Prefecture, and "odori" means "dance". "Odoru aho ni miru aho, onaji aho nara odoranya sonson" (A fool watches a fool dancing, If they're both fools, let's dance). It's the lyrics sung by the dancers during the festival.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.0
(1)
Awa Dance Festival & Otsuka Museum of Art Bus Day Tour from Osaka
12 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$173
Nagoya area pick up available Say goodbye to crowded buses and trains. Feeling tired from walking? Our service ensures that you will walk less, as we will drop you off and pick you up as close as possible to your destination. This way, your group can enjoy exploring without the fatigue. Your comfort is our priority. Enjoy a hassle-free journey in Japan. Our itinerary is flexible and customizable. You can skip or add any destinations you'd like, allowing you to explore Kyoto at your own pace and comfort. We can also create a customized itinerary featuring the best photo spots in Kyoto. You will visit only the most beautiful locations, perfect for capturing memorable pictures. Our private car service ensures a comfortable and efficient journey between each site, allowing you to make the most of your sightseeing time. There is no rush and no fixed schedule — it is your time to fully enjoy Kyoto at your own pace. You decide how long you want to spend at each stop.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.0
(10)
Kyoto tour 12 hours Private Nagoya pick up available
10 to 12 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$1,155
Per group
Visitors can experience the best tour of Nara and kyoto. In Nara we visit many temples located in Todai-ji, home of the great Buddha and the troll located in Nara Park, famous for its friendly deer, in Kyoto, we explore many sites like the Fushimi inari shrine having thousands of red tori gates, auntie golden pavilion, a stunning temple covered by golden leafs. This will provide your blood history and culture that is unforgettable
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
Nara and kyoto adventures private vehicle tour
8 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$449
Per group
Follow an off-the-beaten-track path through bamboo forests to the iconic Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine during this small-group half-day hiking tour in Kyoto. Learn about the significance of the shrine’s famous red torii gates. Enjoy a picturesque route to the summit and through hidden local attractions, from a waterfall to a gate factory. Tours include a tasty soba noodle lunch and snacks.
...More
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.7
(17)
Inside of Fushimi Inari - exploring and lunch with locals
4 hours
Free Cancellation
from
$71
1
2
3
4
Top Attractions in Kansai
1 / 2
Attractions
Arashiyama Park
From $28
Attractions
Pontocho Alley
From $26
Attractions
Togetsu-kyo Bridge
From $27
Attractions
Kiyomizu-dera Temple
From $35
Attractions
Gion Corner
From $18
Attractions
Fushimi Inari Shrine (Fushimi Inari Taisha)
From $12
Attractions
Arashiyama Park
From $28
Attractions
Pontocho Alley
From $26
Attractions
Togetsu-kyo Bridge
From $27
Attractions
Kiyomizu-dera Temple
From $35
Attractions
Gion Corner
From $18
Attractions
Fushimi Inari Shrine (Fushimi Inari Taisha)
From $12
Attractions
Arashiyama Park
From $28
Attractions
Pontocho Alley
From $26
Attractions
Togetsu-kyo Bridge
From $27
Attractions
Kiyomizu-dera Temple
From $35
en
b07a58dc-cadd-4d9d-a0d8-ac082d2b9d4a
things_to_do_tag
Not seeing something you are looking for?
See all Kansai Experiences
More Tours in Kansai
Things to do near Kansai
Popular on Viator
Airport & Hotel Transfers
Markets
Tickets & Passes
Port Transfers
Bike Tours
Golf Tours & Tee Times
Mountain Bike Tours
Shore Excursions
Private Drivers
4WD Tours
Sightseeing Passes
Nightlife